OriginsNet
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Overview of Four Eras of Evolution
of Art, Religion, Mind and Psyche
,,,,,Oldowan
,,,,,Early Paleolithic
,,,,,Middle Paleolithic
.....Upper Paleolithic
THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS AND "WORKS IN PROGRESS" ARE AVAILABLE AS PDF FILES:
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EVOLUTION OF ART, RELIGION, SYMBOLIC BEHAVIOR
Harrod, J. (2014). The Case for Chimpanzee Religion -- Presents first comprehensive and analytical arguments for existence of chimpanzee religious behaviors, four modes of religious ritual, mimetic transference communicative behaviors; and how this meets full criteria for de-anthropocentric trans-species definition of religion (Harrod 2011). Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture 8(1): 8-45).
http://www.equinoxpub.com/journals/index.php/JSRNC/article/view/16328
...The following are supplmentary files for this article:
.......Supplementary File 1. Background: Chimpanzee culture, communicative behaviors, mind and intelligence. PDF
.......Supplementary File 2. Chimpanzee Religion: Literature Review Database. PDF
.......Table 1. Chimpanzee Basic Spiritual Practices
.......Table 2. Chimpanzee Empathy and Medical/Healing Practices
.......Table 3. Chimpanzee Social Cooperation, Aggression and Cannibalism Practices
.......Table 4. Chimpanzee Techno-Economic Prestige Practices
.......Table 5. Proto-Symbolic Communicative Behaviors
.......Supplementary File 3. Chimpanzee Religion Literature Review Database – Full References. PDF
.......Supplementary File 4. Chimpanzee Consortship Rituals. PDF
Harrod, J. (2014). Palaeoart at Two Million Years Ago? A Review of the Evidence. Arts 3: 135-155. http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0752/3/1/135
Harrod, J. (2013). Already Out-of-Africa Before Out-of-Africa? Annual Reflection on Archaeology and Genetics. Mother Tongue: Journal of the Association for the Study of Language in Prehistory XVIII: np. [This is a pre-press version, and has revisions of dating in one table, July 31 2014] PDF FILE (460K)
Harrod, J. (2013). Symbolic behavior (palaeoart) at two million years ago: The Olduvai Gorge FLK North Pecked Cobble: The earliest artwork in human evolution. Session: Archaeology and the science of rock art. IFRAO International Rock Art Congress 2013, Albuquerque, NM, USA
PowerPoint PDF FILE (2MB). IFRAO presentation is 22 slides extracted from a 117 slide version work-in-progress. This 22 slide version highlights slides on Homo habilis capacity for perceiving and applying design principles into tools and palaeoart; the full version contains hypothetical reconstructions of Homo habilis neural substrates for numerosity and the act of making markings on an art medium.
Harrod, J. (2011). A Trans-Species Definition of Religion. Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture 5:3:327-353. PDF FILE (648K)
Harrod, J. (2010). Four Memes in the Two Million Year Evolution of Symbol, Metaphor and Myth. Presentation, Exploratory Seminar on Comparative Mythology: Deep Reconstruction. October 6-8, 2010. Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University; co-sponsored with 4th Annual Conference, International Association for Comparative Mythology, Harvard University.
Narrative Text PDF FILE (500K)
PowerPoint PDF FILE (4MB)
Harrod, J. (2006). Periods of Globalization over 'The Southern Route’ in Human Evolution (Africa, Southwest Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Sahul and East Asia): A Meta-Review of Archaeology and Evidence for Symbolic Behavior. Mother Tongue: Journal of the Association for the Study of Language in Prehistory XI:23-84.
....................................PDF FILE (276K) This is a pdf file of the pre-press version of this article.
The following file contains the Synoptic Database for this article: 'Synoptic Database for Southern Route Globalizations across Africa, Southwest Asia, South Asia, SE Asia and East Asia.'
....................................PDF FILE (312K) This is a pdf file of the pre-press version of the Synoptic Database.
The following files are Online Supporting Materials for this article. These files are comprehensive Master Matrix tables for over 550 archaeological sites across the five regions of the Southern Route and over 530 bibliographical references used for the published article. Each region synopsis contains every reference to palaeoart/symbolic behavior identified in this meta-review of current research. I've added two new inventories for Siberia and Europe bringing the total number of sites to over 750 covering the globe (except North and South America).
.......Harrod, J. (2006). SYNOPSIS OF THE PALEOLITHIC -- AFRICA
.......Harrod, J. (2006). SYNOPSIS OF THE PALEOLITHIC -- SOUTHWEST ASIA
.......Harrod, J. (2006). SYNOPSIS OF THE PALEOLITHIC -- INDIA
.......Harrod, J. (2006). SYNOPSIS OF THE PALEOLITHIC -- SOUTHEAST ASIA and AUSTRALIA
.......Harrod, J. (Update January 2010). SYNOPSIS OF THE PALEOLITHIC -- EAST ASIA
.......Harrod, J. (March 2010). SYNOPSIS OF THE PALEOLITHIC -- CENTRAL ASIA/SIBERIA
...... Harrod, J. (October 2010). SYNOPSIS OF THE PALEOLITHIC -- EUROPE/WEST ASIA
Harrod, J. (2010). Knocking Down the Straw Man Once Again: Out-of-Africa in the Middle Paleolithic and Siberia as a Test Case. -- Summarizes and updates my 2006 Mother Tongue article. It adds a new database for Central Asia/Siberia and updates the database tables for East Asia.
....................................PDF FILE (208K)
ON OLDOWAN ART, RELIGION, LANGUAGE
Harrod, J. 1992. Two Million Years Ago: The Origins of Art and Symbol. Continuum 2,1:4-29.
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Harrod, J. 2003. Notes on Spoken Oldowan (OLDPL), Including a Meditation on Oldowan Symbolic Art, Marking Motifs, and Concept of the Sacred, manuscript, v. 1, 01.17.03 (16 pages). A reconstruction of a spoken protolanguage for Oldowan Homo habilis.
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Harrod, J. (Coming Soon to this Site) First Religion: Notes Toward an Oldowan Scavenger Theology and the Mimetic Patterns of Oldowan Spirituality
ON EARLY PALEOLITHIC ART, RELIGION, LANGUAGE
Harrod, J. (2007). Bhimbetka Glyphs. In Peddarapu Chenna Reddy (ed), Exploring the mind of ancient man: Festschrift to Robert G. Bednarik, pp. 317-330. New Delhi: Research India Press.
....................................PDF FILE (276K) This is a pdf file of the pre-press version of this article.
Harrod, J. (2003). Notes Toward an Early Acheulian Stone Tools Logic Model: Constitutive Operations and Analogies of the Soul - v. 2, 02.06.2003 (6 pages). A suggestion for how fundamental patterns used to shape stone tools 1.5 to 1 million years ago had the capacity to serve as analogues for processes that heal the soul and interpersonal relationships.
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Harrod, J. (2003). Notes on Spoken Early Acheulian (EAPL): Semantic Field and Correspondences to Cognitive Operations in Biface Technology - v. 1, 02.14.2003 (14 pages). A reconstruction of a spoken protolanguage for Early Acheulian Homo erectus.
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Harrod, J. (2002). Notes On Middle Acheulian Spirituality: Stone Tool Logic Structures and Analogies Of The Soul - v. 1, 09.01.2002 (18 pages). Proposes decoding of a Middle Acheulian symbol system 1 million to 500,000 years ago consisting of paired biface symbols presencing two primordial spirit-powers of the universe. With a note on the Abbevillian.
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Harrod, J. (Coming Soon to this Site). Notes on Spoken Middle Acheulian (MAPL): Semantic Field and Correspondences to Biface Symbolism - v.1, 05.15.2003 (pages). An attempt to reconstruct a spoken protolanguage for Middle Acheulian Homo erectus.
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Harrod, J. (Coming Soon to this Site) Five Later Acheulian Symbolic Traditions: Interpretation and Decoding of Palaeoart and Palaeo-Religion (500,000 to 100,000 BP) - v.1, 09.01.2003 (pages). Identifies and interprets the spiritual significance of five distinct symbolic traditions of Later Acheulian Homo erectus and Homo heidelbergensis.
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Harrod, J. (2004) Deciphering Later Acheulian Period Marking Motifs (LAmrk): Impressions of the Later Acheulian Mind - v.3, updated 11.25.2007(88pages). Presents a comprehensive decoding of extent Later Acheulian markings as a symbolic protolanguage, including review of known occurrences, decoding of basic semiotic structure, and decipherment of motifs.
....................................PDF FILE (836K)
Harrod, J. (2007). Keys to Deciphering Later Acheulian Period Marking Motifs (LAmrk) - v2, 11/28/2007 (25 pages). Proposal for a set of key discovery procedures that can enable decoding of Later Acheulian marking motifs.
....................................PDF FILE (160K)
Harrod, J. (Coming Soon to this Site). Notes on Reconstructing Spoken Later Acheulian (LAPL), Including Correspondences to Later Acheulian Five Symbolizing Traditions - v.1, 09.01.2003 (pages). An attempt to reconstruct a spoken protolanguage of Later Acheulian Homo erectus.
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ON MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC ART, RELIGION, LANGUAGE
ON UPPER PALEOLITHIC ART, RELIGION, LANGUAGE
Harrod, J. (2011). The Hohle Fels Female Figurine: Not Pornography but a Representation of the Upper Paleolithic Double Goddess. Journal of Archaeomythology 7 (special issue): 204-218.
PDF FILE (540K)
Harrod, J. (2004). Deciphering Upper Paleolithic (European): Part 1. The Basic Graphematics—Summary of Discovery Procedures. Revised version of paper presented at Language Origins Society Annual Meeting,1998, and before that at International Rock Art Congress, 1994, and Valcamonica Symposium, 1987. This paper presents a decipherment of a set of geometric signs in UP cave and portable art that constitutes a geometric protolanguage. With images (47 pages).
...................................PDF FILE (888K)
Harrod, J. (2004). Deciphering Upper Paleolithic (European): Part 2. Maximal Graphematics and Correspondences to a Reconstruction of Spoken UP(E)—Summary of Phememic-Semantic Discovery Procedures. This paper reconstructs a spoken protolanguage that corresponds to the UP(E) geometric protolanguage deciphered in Part 1 and develops a group-theoretic reanalysis of the basic structure of UP(E). (50 pages)
...................................PDF FILE (247K)
Harrod, J. (1997). The Upper Paleolithic "Double Goddess": "Venus" Figurines as Sacred Female Transformation Processes in the Light of a Decipherment of European Upper Paleolithic Language. In J. Marler (Ed.), From the Realm of the Ancestors: An Anthology in Honor of Marija Gimbutas, (pp. 481-497). Manchester, CT: Knowledge, Ideas and Trends.
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ON MESOLITHIC ART, RELIGION, LANGUAGE
Harrod, J. (1981). The Bow: A Techno-Mythic Hermeneutic--Ancient Greece and the Mesolithic. The Journal of the American Academy of Religion 49,3:425-446. (11 pages) An early study that demonstrated one way of reconstructing spiritual principles and values implicit in paradigmatic technological innovations that define an archaeological era. An earlier version of this article was published in Acts of the Valcamonica Symposium III, 1979. This study is one section of a manuscript on Mesolithic Religion that Marija Gimbutas described as "a masterpiece, a splendid example of how mythologists and archaeologists should work together and how it is important to cooperate."
....................................PDF FILE (752K)
ON NEOLITHIC ART, RELIGION, LANGUAGE
Berggren, K and Harrod, J. (1996). Understanding Marija Gimbutas. Journal of Prehistoric Religion, Vol. X:70-73. (4 pages) Critique of an Antiquity article that argued against the work of Marija Gimbutas.
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MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS
Harrod, J. (2004). Reconstructing Culinary Codes in Human Evolution and Deconstructing Levi-Strauss on Cooking and Cannibalism - v.2 6.15.2004 (13pp.) -- Reanalyzes Levi-Strauss' theory of the culinary code and cannibalism and proposes stages in the evolution of cooking and culinary symbolism.
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Harrod, J. (2000). Synopsis of Evolution of the Human Mind - 1.9.2000 (3pp.) -- How to put the entire evolution of mind, art and language on a single page!
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Harrod, J. (2002). The Cascade of Technological Evolution - 14.5.2002 (1p.) -- An analytical timeline of the phases and stages of technological and cultural evolution from the Australopithecines to Homo sapiens sapiens, from the Pre-Oldowan to the Upper Paleolithic.
....................................PDF FILE (61K)
Harrod, J. (2000). Categories and Principles of Proto-Art: Hypotheses on Early and Middle Palaeolithic Art, Symbol and Religion - 1.17.2000 (17pp.)
....................................PDF FILE (73K)
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