Lunteren (Ede II) sculptures, c. >200,000 BP

Lunteren-Goudsberg (also called Ede II) has artefacts that belong to the Heidelbergian component of the CCC. Like the CCC, this tradition uses bipolar and buffer techniques. Tools are primarily core tools with some flake tools and a few protobifaces and true bifaces (including a thick pentagonal ‘grand biface’ 19.3 cm.). There are also microlithic tools. Other types include flake cleaver, trihedral pick, core choppers, some microchoppers, rhomboid, Tayac point, billhooks, notch, denticulate, and bec. Colored pigment (red and yellow ochre, manganese, and white chalk or kaolin) was found on some plaques and anvils [Franssen, C. (1980). En nieuwe vondst van een clactoïde traditie op de vindplaasts Ede II. Archaeologische Berichten 7:54-57. Elst, NL; Franssen, C. and Wouters, A. (1983). De Heidelbergcomponent vam jet CCC in de stuwwallen en het CCC in het algemeen. Archaeologische Berichten 13:18-141. Elst, NL].

The site is dated prior to Riss III, or Treene Interglacial or older, thus >200,000 BP, and may be compared to the industry at Hamburg-Wittenbergen which has a similar dating [Peeters, H., Musch, J. and Wouters, A. (1988). Les plus anciennes industsries des Pays-Bas. L’Anthropologie (Paris): 92,2:583-710].

Comment: In addition to geometrics, Lunteren appears to have palaeoart in the CCC Symbolizing Tradition, including zoomorphic sculptures.

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